Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991. It emerged after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian monarchy and established a communist government. The USSR was a one-party state ruled by the Communist Party, with Moscow as its capital.
At its height, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, spanning much of Eastern Europe and northern Asia. It consisted of 15 republics, including Russia, Ukraine, and others. The USSR played a major role in global politics, particularly during World War II and the Cold War, when it became one of the two superpowers alongside the United States.
The Soviet Union’s centrally planned economy focused on state ownership of industry and collective farming, but it struggled with inefficiency, shortages, and repression. In 1991, internal pressures, economic stagnation, and political reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev led to its dissolution, marking the end of the Cold War and the emergence of independent nations from its former republics.
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HISTORY IN VIETNAM
The Soviet Union played a significant role in supporting North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, though it did not engage in direct combat. The Soviets provided extensive military, economic, and political aid to the North Vietnamese government. This assistance included advanced weapons systems, such as surface-to-air missiles, aircraft, and artillery, as well as military advisors to train North Vietnamese forces.
Moscow viewed the conflict as part of the broader Cold War, aiming to counter U.S. influence in Southeast Asia and support communist movements globally. Despite some ideological differences with China, the Soviet Union coordinated with them to ensure a steady flow of supplies to North Vietnam. Soviet aid contributed significantly to the North's ability to resist American military efforts and achieve eventual victory in 1975.
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